The new annotated checklist of the wild bees of Europe (Hymenoptera: Anthophila).

At a time when nature conservation has become essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of our environment, it is widely acknowledged that conservation actions must be implemented within a solid taxonomic framework. In preparation for the upcoming update of the IUCN Red List, we here update the European checklist of the wild bees (sensu the IUCN geographical framework). The original checklist, published in 2014, was revised for the first time in 2017. In the present revision, we add one genus, four subgenera and 67 species recently described, 40 species newly recorded since the latest revision (including two species that are not native to Europe), 26 species overlooked in the previous European checklists and 63 published synonymies. We provide original records for eight species previously unknown to the continent and, as original taxonomic acts, we provide three new synonyms, we consider two names as nomina nuda, ten names as nomina dubia, three as species inquirenda, synonymize three species and exclude 40 species from the previous checklist. Around a hundred other taxonomic changes and clarifications are also included and discussed. The present work revises the total number of genera for IUCN Europe to 77 and the total number of species to 2,138. In addition to specifying the taxonomic changes necessary to update the forthcoming Red List of European bees, we discuss the sampling and taxonomic biases that characterise research on the European bee fauna and highlight the growing importance of range expansions and species invasions.

Signals of adaptation to agricultural stress in the genomes of two European bumblebees.

Human-induced environmental impacts on wildlife are widespread, causing major biodiversity losses. One major threat is agricultural intensification, typically characterised by large areas of monoculture, mechanical tillage, and the use of agrochemicals. Intensification leads to the fragmentation and loss of natural habitats, native vegetation, and nesting and breeding sites. Understanding the adaptability of insects to these changing environmental conditions is critical to predicting their survival. Bumblebees, key pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, are used as model species to assess insect adaptation to anthropogenic stressors. We investigated the effects of agricultural pressures on two common European bumblebees, Bombus pascuorum and B. lapidarius. Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing was used to identify loci under selective pressure across agricultural-natural gradients over 97 locations in Europe. 191 unique loci in B. pascuorum and 260 in B. lapidarius were identified as under selective pressure, and associated with agricultural stressors. Further investigation suggested several candidate proteins including several neurodevelopment, muscle, and detoxification proteins, but these have yet to be validated. These results provide insights into agriculture as a stressor for bumblebees, and signal for conservation action in light of ongoing anthropogenic changes.

A new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Northwest Africa with comparative remarks on the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez.

North Africa, with its vast array of ecosystems and reliefs, constitutes a remarkable place to explore and describe the diversity of wild bees. In this paper, a new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae), D. schwarzi Radchenko et Michez sp. nov., is described from the Atlas Mountains area (Morocco and Tunisia). This species belongs to the subgenus Microdasypoda Michez and is phenotypically related to D. brevicornis Pérez, but differs from all other species of this subgenus by the structure of the male genitals, the metasomal sterna, and by its overall hair colour. A detailed comparative diagnosis of D. schwarzi with the other four species of this subgenus is provided, as well as a key to the males of Microdasypoda, and a correction to the diagnosis of the subgenus. This new species is the fortieth described Dasypoda species and should be looked for in other mountain regions of Northwest Africa, such as in the Algerian Atlas where it could be present.

Revision of the mining bee subgenus Andrena (Longandrena) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae).

All three hitherto described species of the Palearctic subgenus Andrena (Longandrena Osytshnjuk, 1993), are revised and redescribed. This subgenus is characterized by an unusually long glossa, a rare character among short-tongued bees. A revised diagnosis of this subgenus is given. A key to the species of A. (Longandrena) is provided, and all diagnostic morphological features are illustrated in detail. The Central Asian species Andrena longiceps Morawitz 1895 is recorded for the first time from Iran. The distribution map of the subgenus is also presented.

Redescription of three rare species of Dasypoda bees with first description of D. iberica and D. tibialis females (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae).

Dasypoda bees are host-specialized solitary species distributed in the Palaearctic Region. In the framework of a global revision of this genus, comprehensive descriptions of three rare species (D. tibialis Morawitz, D. vulpecula Lebedev and D. iberica Warncke) are presented. The detailed morphology of the D. tibialis male and both sexes of D. vulpecula are given for the first time after a very partial original description. The females of D. tibialis and D. iberica are described for the first time and additional morphological characters of the male of D. iberica are provided. The lectotype of Dasypoda tibialis is designated. Host-plants and new localities are also presented.

A new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Portugal with comparative remarks on the subgenus Heterodasypoda Michez.

A new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae), D. michezi Radchenko sp. nov., is described from south-western Portugal. This species belongs to the subgenus Heterodasypoda and appears very similar to D. albimana Pérez 1905, which occurs in the west Mediterranean Basin. A detailed comparative diagnosis of D. michezi with the other 3 species of the subgenus Heterodasypoda, is provided. The new species is most easily distinguishable by the widened protrusion at the apex of the 6th sternum, which is deeply emarginated apically in the form of a wide triangle. In addition, the new species differs from other described species of the subgenus by the structure of the 7th and 8th sterna, male genitalia, and relative dimensions of antennal flagellomeres.

A new widespread European bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea).

A new bee species of the genus Dasypoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae), D. morawitzi Radchenko sp. nov., is described. This species is closely related to, and easily confusable with, D. hirtipes (Fabricius), and its specimens have been previously attributed to the latter species. A comparative morphological analysis of D. morawitzi with other species of the D. hirtipes group is provided. The distribution and trophic links of this new species are discussed.